![]() appoggiatura also called a "leaning note": one or more grace notes that take up some note value of the next full note.a piacere: at pleasure i.e., the performer need not follow the rhythm strictly, for example in a cadenza.antiphon: a liturgical or other composition consisting of choral responses, sometimes between two choirs a passage of this nature forming part of another composition a repeated passage in a psalm or other liturgical piece, similar to a refrain.a nessuna cosa: to nothing an indication to hold a fermata until it dies away (this only works with instruments which cannot sustain a note).a niente: to nothing an indication to make a diminuendo which fades to pppp.andantino: slightly faster than andante (but earlier it is sometimes used to mean slightly slower than andante).andante: at a walking pace i.e., at a moderate tempo.andamento: used to refer to a fugue subject of above-average length.anacrusis: a note or notes that precede the first full bar a pickup.am Steg (Ger): at the bridge i.e., playing a bowed string instrument near its bridge, which produces a heavier, stronger tone (see sul ponticello in this list).alzate sordini: lift or raise the mutes i.e., remove mutes.alto: high often refers to a particular range of voice, higher than a tenor but lower than a soprano.alt (English) (also alt dom or altered dominant): a jazz term which instructs chord-playing musicians such as a jazz pianist or jazz guitarist to perform a dominant (V7) chord with altered upper extensions (e.g., sharp 11th, flat 13th, etc.). ![]() all' ottava: "at the octave", see ottava.allegrissimo: very fast, though slower than presto.allegro: cheerful or brisk but commonly interpreted as lively, fast.allegretto vivace: a moderately quick tempo.allegretto: a little lively, moderately fast.allargando: broadening, becoming a little slower each time.alla breve: in cut-time two beats per measure or the equivalent thereof.al, alla: to the, in the manner of ( al before masculine nouns, alla before feminine).affrettando: hurrying, pressing onwards.affettuoso, affettuosamente, or affectueusement (Fr): with affect (that is, with emotion) see also con affetto.a due: intended as a duet for two voices or instruments together two instruments are to play in unison after a solo passage for one of the instruments.ad libitum (commonly ad lib Latin): at liberty i.e., the speed and manner of execution are left to the performer.accompagnato: accompanied i.e., with the accompaniment following the soloist, who may speed up or slow down at will.acciaccatura: crushing i.e., a very fast grace note that is "crushed" against the note that follows and takes up no value in the measure.accentato/accentuato: accented with emphasis.accelerando, accel.: accelerating gradually increasing the tempo.accarezzévole: expressive and caressing.a cappella: in the manner of singing in a chapel i.e., without instrumental accompaniment.abbandonatamente, con abbandono: free, relaxed.a battuta: return to normal tempo after a deviation same as 'a tempo'.a, à (Fr): at, to, by, for, in, in the style of.
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